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Integrate a power of x that is not whole beside binomials in a power of it, and thirteen more algebraic shapes - #2027

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Part of #233.

Fourteen shapes of Rubi's family 1 and the Welz suite. The BREAKING-CHANGES entry lists each with its rule and an example. Among them:

  • a half-odd power of x beside binomials in x^2;
  • a rational function of a quadratic beside a half-odd power of it, under t = Q'/sqrt(Q);
  • two equal half-odd powers of linears beside a power of a quadratic, as one power of their product;
  • cube roots of two linears whose product is a quadratic;
  • a power below −1 of a cube root of a binomial, divided out first.

Chain against master f7f2a7a, with the harness at its current revision on both arms:

  • pocket of 988 rows: 923 → 954 solved, 0 wrong;
  • samples: family 0 whole 1,805 → 1,807, family 1's sample 1,375 → 1,376, the rest unchanged;
  • the 33 rows that moved, alone: 1 → 33 solved, each within 1.1 s. They span 1.3.2 (12 rows), 1.1.3.4 and 1.2.2.3 (4 each), 1.1.1.3 and 1.2.1.4 (3 each), Welz (2), and one each of 1.1.3.2, 1.1.3.3, 1.1.4.2, 1.2.1.6 and 1.2.2.2;
  • no row's allocation grew past 1.3×.

The entry's "Now" lengths and its comparison with the unreleased master are re-measured on this build and on f7f2a7a. One answer is longer than master's: x^(7/2)/((a + b x^2)(c + d x^2)^2) is 1,246 characters here against 799 there. 56 tests pass locally across its test classes and the corpus gate.

Fixed after the first CI run, which failed two existing tests that this branch's local run had not included:

  • A wrong answer. SolveByScalingTheVariableToNumbers multiplied two roots that scale to one polynomial into that polynomial. 1/(sqrt(-2 - b x) sqrt(2 + b x)) then came back with the opposite sign where 1 + b x/2 < 0, which is where PowersOfOneLinearAsOnePowerIntegralTest samples. The rule now declines that case, and master's answer stands.
  • A longer answer. The rule under t = Q'/sqrt(Q) ran ahead of master's reduction over a power of the quadratic, and wrote 4,428 characters for 1/((d + b x + c x^2)^3 sqrt(a + b x + c x^2)) where the reduction writes 1,379. It now runs after the reduction, and answers the fifth power, which the reduction declines.

Re-chained against master f7f2a7a:

  • The pocket went from 921 to 953 solved, with 0 wrong.
  • Of the 34 rows that moved, run alone, master solved 1 and this branch solves all 34.
  • 6,453 rows were compared for allocation, and none grew past 1.3x.

The full suite passes locally: 16321 passed, 0 failed. The branch is rebased onto 47ab958.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura

@Rafael-SOWNet Rafael-SOWNet added this to the 2.6.0 milestone Oct 21, 2026
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Rafael-SOWNet marked this pull request as draft October 21, 2026 18:38
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Rafael-SOWNet force-pushed the integrate-fourteen-algebraic-shapes-ah branch from 8923688 to 4d616bd Compare October 21, 2026 20:06
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Rafael-SOWNet marked this pull request as ready for review October 21, 2026 20:06
…of it, and thirteen more algebraic shapes

Fourteen shapes of Rubi's family 1 and the Welz suite, each listed with its
rule and an example in the BREAKING-CHANGES entry: among them a half-odd
power of x beside binomials in x^2, a rational function of a quadratic
beside a half-odd power of it under t = Q'/sqrt(Q), two equal half-odd
powers of linears beside a power of a quadratic as one power of their
product, cube roots of two linears whose product is a quadratic, and a
power below -1 of a cube root of a binomial divided out first.

The scaling of the variable to numbers declines where two roots scale to
one polynomial: it multiplied them into that polynomial, and the answer to
1/(sqrt(-2 - b x) sqrt(2 + b x)) had the wrong sign where 1 + b x/2 < 0,
which the existing test's points reach and the chain's rows do not. And the
rule under t = Q'/sqrt(Q) runs after the reduction over a power of the
quadratic, which answers the third and fourth powers in a third of the
characters (1,379 where this wrote 4,428); it answers the fifth, which that
declines.

Chain against master f7f2a7a: pocket of 988 rows, 921 -> 953 solved,
0 wrong; family 0 whole 1,805 -> 1,807 and family 1's sample 1,375 ->
1,376, the other samples unchanged; of the 34 rows that moved, alone,
master solved 1 and this solves all 34; 6,453 rows compared for
allocation, none grew past 1.3x.

Part of #233.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
@Rafael-SOWNet
Rafael-SOWNet force-pushed the integrate-fourteen-algebraic-shapes-ah branch from 4d616bd to 35d8674 Compare October 21, 2026 21:06
@Rafael-SOWNet
Rafael-SOWNet merged commit 78cd31b into master Oct 21, 2026
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@github-project-automation github-project-automation Bot moved this from Todo to Done in AngouriMath Oct 21, 2026
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