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Split an even quotient over a power of a biquadratic beside another factor in x^2 - #2050
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Rafael-SOWNet merged 1 commit intoOct 22, 2026
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…actor in x^2 1/((x^2 - 1)(c + d x^2 + f x^4)^2) ran past the budget, and so did Rubi's 6.1.7 csch(u)/(a - b sinh(u)^4)^2, which is it under w = cosh(u). Partial fractions in x split off the linears of x^2 - 1 and ran the series at their roots over the rest, whose coefficients came to a hundred thousand nodes with powers like c^40 f^58. Pinned as doubles, each of those evaluated to NaN, so each was simplified to decide it was not zero, four to eight seconds apiece. In w = x^2 the same integrand is 1/((w - 1) Q(w)^2), which the split over written factors takes with a repeated quadratic, and every term of it is a shape the rules answer at once. An even rational function with a symbol in it, over a power of a biquadratic of three terms beside another factor in x^2, is split so, each factor made monic and its compound coefficients named while the split is solved, and each term asked in x. Over a power of a + b x^4, without the middle term, the split in x answers at once and in fewer characters, and is left to it. Every other factor stands once, and not where the numerator vanishes at a linear's root: under the tangent Rubi's sinh(u)^4/(a - b sinh(u)^4)^2 is w^2 (w - 1)^4 over (1 - w)^3 Q^2, and split as written it was 1.46 million nodes after twenty-two seconds, where the rules that answered it take 0.1. Each coefficient is folded before it is named, so a number is not a name. A split past 20,000 nodes declines. Checked by its derivative. Part of #233. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012sonx8iAspMiwRwokT1Ura
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Part of #233.
w = x^2. Rubi's 6.1.7csch(c + d x)/(a - b sinh(c + d x)^4)^2ran past the corpus's budget. Underw = cosh(c + d x)it is1/((w^2 - 1)(a - b (w^2 - 1)^2)^2). Partial fractions in x split off the linears ofx^2 - 1and ran the series at their roots over the rest. Its coefficients came to a hundred thousand nodes, with powers likec^40 f^58.w = x^2the integrand is1/((w - 1) Q(w)^2). The split over written factors takes that with a repeated quadratic, and every term is a shape the rules answer at once.SolveAnEvenQuotientOverAPowerOfABiquadraticBesideAnotherFactorInTheSquaresplits it so and asks each term in x. While the split is solved, each factor is made monic and its compound coefficients are named. Without naming,a - b (w - 1)^2took 3 s and 1.4 GB; with it, 0.1 s.a + b x^4the split in x answers at once and in fewer characters. Every other factor must stand once, and the numerator must not vanish at a linear's root. A split past 20,000 nodes declines. The answer is checked by its derivative.sinh(u)^4/(a - b sinh(u)^4)^2isw^2 (w - 1)^4/((1 - w)^3 Q^2). Split as written, that was 1.46 million nodes after 22 s. And the numerator's integers had been named, which hid the(w - 1)^6they make. Each coefficient is now folded before it is named.csch(c + d x)/(a - b sinh(c + d x)^4)^21/((x^2 - 1)(c + d x^2 + f x^4)^2)x^2/((x^2 + 1)(c + d x^2 + f x^4)^2)1/((d + e x^2)(a + b x^2 + c x^4)^2)sinh(u)^k/(a - b sinh(u)^4)^nChain against master ef4150e, re-run after the guards:
The library builds for netstandard2.0, net8.0 and net10.0. The suite is left to CI. The BREAKING-CHANGES lengths were measured on the branch, and the 2.5.0 column on a v2.5.0 build. Rebased onto e30f63f.
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