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feat: add Convex collections with eager pagination and durable offline writes - #2230

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@tannerlinsley

@tannerlinsley tannerlinsley commented Oct 22, 2026 •

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🎯 Changes

Add @tanstack/convex-db-collection so TanStack DB can consume reactive Convex queries through either the JavaScript or React client. Includes typed query arguments, full-row synchronization, optimistic mutation handlers, and automatic pagination using public cursor boundaries and server split hints.

Add durable offline mutation replay through the existing offline-transactions engine. An opt-in codec preserves Convex int64, special floats, binary values, and removed fields without changing the default outbox format. Applications supply an atomic, authenticated idempotency-key receipt in their server mutation.

Independent reviews found and fixed shared concrete-options ownership and repeated copying of incomplete pagination results. Direct collection construction now rejects reused options, separate DbClient materializations remain independent, and initial pagination copies rows only when the full result is ready.

🔬 Oracle Coverage

Owners and limits are recorded in docs/contributing/oracle-coverage.md:

  • Snapshot, ownership, pagination, offline bridge, native-value receiving owners, plus the shared transaction serializer owner.
  • Ownership: original admission fails seed 20261022/path 2:0:0, and a two-owner mutation settles stale data. Fixed/random owner histories and the focused regression pass after claims are enforced.
  • Pagination: omission of continuation or required splits fails public row comparison. Initial row-copy work fails the original at seed 20261022/path 0:0:0:0 and passes after deferred flattening. Cache inspection still grows quadratically with page count during sequential acquisition.
  • Serialization: original BigInt admission fails seed 20261022/path 0:0:0:0; repaired native-value round trips and incompatible-codec byte-retention checks pass. Legacy default formats retain their behavior.
  • Actual isolated local Convex backend: both SDK clients, real server splits, and 36 generated SIGKILL histories across insert/update/delete, including server acceptance before lost durable acknowledgement. Observations compare restored collection rows, final server rows, and exactly one receipt.

Validation: 62 adapter checks, 302 offline-engine tests, 18 real-backend tests, build, typecheck, lint, publint, and sherif. Production size against current main: new adapter 2,863 gzip / 2,594 brotli bytes with dependencies external; shared outbox +192 gzip / +174 brotli. Existing tree-shaken app scenarios are unchanged. The codec hook and ownership claim are required for native values and independent collection state; shared snapshot and outbox machinery avoid duplicate implementations.

Limits: bounded finite queries, one pending mutation per real-backend crash history, native payload variation across inserts and updates in that backend witness. These tests do not establish cloud availability, filesystem power-loss atomicity, cross-collection publication, or backend multi-tab/batch replay.

✅ Checklist

  • Tested affected packages locally, including their complete test suites and the real backend suite.

🚀 Release Impact

  • Published code changes have a changeset for the new adapter and offline-transactions codec API.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Added a Convex collection adapter with live query subscriptions, reactive pagination, and optimistic updates for Convex JavaScript and React clients.
    • Added durable offline mutations with idempotent replay and opt-in codecs for preserving Convex values across restarts. Unreadable codec records remain stored for recovery; default serialization is unchanged.
  • Documentation
    • Added setup guides and API references for Convex collections, pagination, offline mutations, and value codecs.
  • Tests
    • Added coverage for synchronization, pagination limits, offline recovery, value preservation, and authenticated and public Convex app integrations.

Kyle review follow-up

Cold offline replay now starts an idle Collection and waits for actual source acceptance. Pending initial data and failed startup cannot settle successfully. A rejected durable acceptance is terminal for its sync run, unchanged or changed cached rows cannot clear it, and cleanup/restart is the recovery boundary. Ordinary provider errors can still recover after a valid result. Real-Collection generated histories distinguish these cases, original and nonterminal hostile implementations fail at source settlement, repaired campaigns and direct replays pass.

The pagination API is explicitly a complete eager mirror with maxRows defaulting to 10,000 accepted rows. It is not an on-demand window. This does not promise bounded response bytes, peak memory, or lifetime subscriptions. A separate on-demand factory needs application-defined filter/order translation and demand-scoped publication/release laws, so it is deferred rather than simulated by truncating this mirror. Server queries should remain scoped.

Pagination histories now generate legal split boundaries, have separate row/work/bound replay selectors, compare provider order, and observe preservation of prior public rows while ranges are pending. Reversed-order, partial-publication and ignored-bound variants fail at their intended comparisons. Select projection and real JavaScript/React sibling-listener cleanup now have receiving witnesses.

Backend crash tests compare a non-idempotent application counter, the exact durable receipt key, and every restored application field. Native payload variation covers inserts and updates. Duplicate application, key replacement and dropped Collection payload variants are rejected. Backend insert/update/delete campaigns have separate direct replay controls, cleanup retains the primary failure and attempts every release.

Independent rubric records are versioned under docs/contributing/oracle-reviews/2026-10-23-convex-source-and-backend.md and 2026-10-23-convex-pagination-and-codecs.md, bound to source revision 6511ee4. Follow-up source cost is +230 gzip / +213 brotli over the prior PR head for real source acceptance and row-bound enforcement. Existing tree-shaken app scenarios are unchanged.

Public app integration checks

The backend suite now runs 18 tests across three isolated local Convex application fixtures. Six new receiving histories deploy the unchanged official pagination demo functions at 2fac21e360bfcceae6065096f1b81480bd8c6fd5, covering both SDK clients, indexed author arguments, transformed rows without IDs, live writes, and recovery after real TCP connection loss while another client writes. An independent append ledger checks full row membership and provider order.

Two more receiving histories deploy the official role-based auth app at 45f08008e1257758560948db4280cc4e7d64e84a. Only its external providers change to Convex Auth's Anonymous provider. Real sign-in issues JWTs, both clients reject unauthenticated Collection startup, and an independent multiset model checks all six role/action permission cells, demotion, and repeated equal-body sends. The app's self-service role selector is deliberately preserved, this does not establish secure role administration.

Disabling continuation fails the public app row comparison (3 vs 17 rows for JavaScript, 3 vs 34 for React). Bypassing role checks fails the expected permission rejection. Restored implementations pass. The full combined suite, final strengthened auth histories, all 62 adapter checks, typecheck, and lint pass locally. Pinned upstream source is fetched at test time rather than vendored. These tests use Convex 1.47 and isolated local backends, they do not establish cloud infrastructure, OAuth delivery, browser auth components, token refresh, or authenticated reconnect behavior. Production code is unchanged by this follow-up.

The auth fixture now uses Convex Auth 0.0.96 with patched Auth.js 0.41.3, within its published peer range. No override or security exemption was added. CI also exposed a fixed-port startup assumption before any tests ran. All fixtures now use the Convex CLI's supported free-port selection by default, while explicit user port overrides remain mandatory. A permanent native startup witness holds the former pagination port and requires a different loopback URL serving the real upstream query. The fixed-port control fails at the startup-fulfillment assertion; repaired allocation passes. The full final 18-test suite also passes while the old auth port is held before setup. Generated auth runtime output is excluded from workspace discovery. Typecheck and lint pass, shipped production code is unchanged.

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e32b3d7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 2 packages
Name Type
@tanstack/convex-db-collection Minor
@tanstack/offline-transactions Minor

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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  • docs/contributing/oracle-reviews/2026-10-24-convex-auth-dependency-update.md
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Walkthrough

Adds a Convex collection package for query subscriptions, full-row synchronization, reactive pagination, and offline mutations. The offline transaction package adds opt-in codecs for durable mutation values. Tests, fixtures, documentation, and CI integration are included.

Changes: Convex collection and durable offline writes

Layer / File(s) Summary
Convex adapter and synchronization
packages/convex-db-collection/src/*, packages/convex-db-collection/tests/*
Adds typed Convex subscriptions, full-row snapshot synchronization, projections, validation, sync utilities, optimistic mutation settlement, and lifecycle ownership checks.
Reactive pagination
packages/convex-db-collection/src/pagination.ts, packages/convex-db-collection/src/paginated-options.ts, packages/convex-db-collection/tests/pagination-oracle.property.test.ts
Adds eager pagination across subscribed cursor ranges. Split hints, continuation cursors, complete-snapshot publication, and maxRows validation are covered.
Offline mutations and durable codecs
packages/convex-db-collection/src/offline.ts, packages/offline-transactions/src/*, packages/offline-transactions/tests/*
Adds the Convex mutation bridge and opt-in version 4 mutation codecs. Default records continue to use version 3, while codec failures retain stored records and include transaction identifiers.
Fixtures, documentation, and integration
packages/convex-db-collection/e2e/*, docs/*, .github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml, scripts/*, .changeset/convex-collection.md
Adds local and pinned-app E2E fixtures, reference documentation, CI and documentation-generation entries, package configuration, navigation, release notes, and size-comparison handling for absent package directories.

Priority: Normal

Estimated code review effort: 5 (Critical) | ~90 minutes

Change: Feature

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant OfflineExecutor
  participant OutboxManager
  participant convexOfflineMutation
  participant ConvexClient
  participant Collection
  OfflineExecutor->>OutboxManager: Persist and restore offline transaction
  OutboxManager->>convexOfflineMutation: Replay with durable idempotency key
  convexOfflineMutation->>ConvexClient: Call Convex mutation
  ConvexClient-->>convexOfflineMutation: Return mutation result
  convexOfflineMutation->>Collection: Await source synchronization
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Merge Risk: Minimal · up to ebe6d

The documentation update has no identified issue that should delay merging.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4 · Failed 1

Failed Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 44.12% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 34 functions across 43 files. (1 skipped:… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
Passed Passed checks: 4 passed
Check name Status Explanation
Title check Passed The title names the main change: adding Convex collections with eager pagination and durable offline writes. The changeset covers the new @tanstack/convex-db-collection package, its pagination, and …
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check Passed The description includes all required sections: changes, oracle coverage, checklist, and release impact. It provides detailed scope, validation evidence, known limits, and changeset information. The c…
Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title names the main change: adding Convex collections with eager pagination and durable offline writes. The changeset covers the new @tanstack/convex-db-collection package, its pagination, and the offline mutation replay with a codec. The title is specific and concise, and it matches the objectives.

Full details: Description check

Explanation

The description includes all required sections: changes, oracle coverage, checklist, and release impact. It provides detailed scope, validation evidence, known limits, and changeset information. The checklist confirms local testing, although it does not name the exact pnpm test command.

Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 44.12% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 34 functions across 43 files. (1 skipped: 1 unsupported.)

Resolution

Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.

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Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff Package Supply Chain
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Vulnerability Quality Maintenance License
Addednpm/​@​convex-dev/​auth@​0.0.96991007997100
Addednpm/​@​auth/​core@​0.41.3991008384100
Addednpm/​convex@​1.47.0991008898100

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Size Change: 0 B

Total Size: 220 kB

ℹ️ View Unchanged
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commit: e32b3d7

@KyleAMathews

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I reviewed head 4f97ab4 against the oracle rubric and ran the 43 adapter checks, 51 serializer-oracle tests, and seven real-backend tests. They pass, but I found one reproducible contract failure and several gaps in what the oracles establish.

Source acceptance is the blocking issue. awaitSync() in packages/convex-db-collection/src/options.ts:154–168,211–213 can resolve while the Collection is idle, waiting for its first result, or in error after subscription startup fails. I called convexOfflineMutation with a real idle Collection and a resolving mutation; the bridge returned while the Collection remained idle with zero subscriptions. This contradicts the guide’s promise that the bridge waits for each configured Collection to accept its source snapshot. The backend fixture preloads before starting the executor, while the offline oracle stubs awaitSync, so both miss cold replay. Please add a real-Collection bridge history for idle, pending-first-result, and failed-startup states, then make successful settlement require actual source acceptance.

The pagination API has a separate scalability question. convexPaginatedCollectionOptions follows every cursor, retains the page subscriptions, and materializes the entire result before preload() completes. pageSize controls request chunks; it does not bound client memory or initial load time. The coverage map also records quadratic cache scans as page count grows. I understand why a complete mirror supports arbitrary DB-local filters and joins, and why fixed cursor ranges help reactive correctness. I do not see a reason that this should be the only pagination mode.

I suggest describing the current API explicitly as a complete eager mirror and offering an on-demand option through DB’s existing loadSubset contract. Core already supplies cursor-aware subset requests (#960); Query Collection’s opaque-cursor pager in #1824 is a useful design and oracle reference. Its Query cache implementation would not transfer directly to Convex subscriptions, but it shows how to fetch only the pages needed for a requested window, reuse a loaded prefix, and distinguish a backend cursor from DB’s query cursor hints. The Convex option would need an application-supplied translation for filters and ordering, and should reject requests its server function cannot fulfill. An oracle should compare requested windows, network work, active subscriptions, and release behavior as demand grows and shrinks.

The pagination oracle also needs stronger evidence:

  • tests/pagination-oracle.property.test.ts:85–106 can generate a split cursor outside the returned page’s cursor range. For eight rows and pageSize: 1, it can return continueCursor: "0" with splitCursor: "3". Those are not legal Convex split responses.
  • Its two properties share CONVEX_ORACLE_SEED/PATH. Replaying a recorded row-history path passes that property but fails the unrelated work property with Unable to replay, got wrong path. Each property needs a direct replay selector.
  • It compares only after all ranges arrive and sorts actual and expected rows by ID. It therefore cannot catch partial publication while a new page is pending or a page-order error. Please add an intermediate public-row checkpoint and an order-sensitive observation.

The real-backend crash test reaches a valuable SIGKILL cut, but e2e/backend-oracle.test.ts:259–281 checks one receipt and final rows. The fixture’s insert, patch, and delete have the same visible result if applied twice, so those assertions do not prove one server application. The test also does not compare the receipt’s key with the durable key. In e2e/offline-child.ts:171–181, restored Collection rows are checked only by text; rank and native payload are checked on the server, not in the Collection. A non-idempotent application counter, key comparison, and full public-row comparison would make the stated claims distinguishable. Native payload variation currently reaches real-backend replay only for inserts.

Finally, the snapshot oracle exercises raw arrays but not a successful select projection, and the ownership oracle’s controlled client cannot establish live updates to two listeners after one sibling is cleaned up. These can remain stated limits, but the broader claims should wait for receiving witnesses. I also could not find the rubric’s exact-head review record for the new oracle owners.

I would address the source-acceptance failure before merge and make an explicit API decision about bounded eager use versus on-demand loading.

@tannerlinsley tannerlinsley changed the title feat: add Convex collection with automatic pagination and durable offline writes feat: add Convex collections with eager pagination and durable offline writes Oct 24, 2026
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