lucascolley · Oct 21, 2026 · Oct 24, 2026 · Oct 24, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -71,18 +71,18 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         platform: [linux-x64, linux-arm, macos, windows]
         environment:
-          - tests-py311
+          - tests-py312
           - tests-py314
           - tests-numpy1
           - tests-nogil
           - tests-backends
-          - tests-backends-py311
+          - tests-backends-py312
           - tests-run-deps
         include:
           # Full x64 image is faster than ubuntu-slim for the slowest jobs
-          - {environment: tests-py311, x64_runner: ubuntu-latest}
+          - {environment: tests-py312, x64_runner: ubuntu-latest}
           - {environment: tests-backends, x64_runner: ubuntu-latest}
-          - {environment: tests-backends-py311, x64_runner: ubuntu-latest}
+          - {environment: tests-backends-py312, x64_runner: ubuntu-latest}
           # Non-default pixi task (default: tests-ci)
           - {
               environment: tests-nogil,

diff --git a/pixi.lock b/pixi.lock
diff --git a/pixi.toml b/pixi.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ requires-pixi = ">=0.82.1"  # security update
 exclude-newer = "7d"
 
 [exclude-newer]
-mparray = "5d"
+jax = "1d"
+jaxlib = "1d"
 
 ### array-api-extra package definition ###
 
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ default = {
   solve-group = "py314",
 }
 lint = {
-  features = ["py311", "lint"],
-  solve-group = "py311",
+  features = ["py312", "lint"],
+  solve-group = "py312",
 }
 docs = {
   features = ["py314", "docs"],
@@ -50,9 +51,9 @@ tests-py314 = {  # alias of tests
   features = ["py314", "tests"],
   solve-group = "py314",
 }
-tests-py311 = {
-  features = ["py311", "tests"],
-  solve-group = "py311",
+tests-py312 = {
+  features = ["py312", "tests"],
+  solve-group = "py312",
 }
 tests-run-deps = {
   features = ["py314", "tests-run-deps"],
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ tests-backends = {
   features = ["py314", "tests", "backends"],
   solve-group = "backends",
 }
-tests-backends-py311.features = ["py311", "tests", "backends"]
+tests-backends-py312.features = ["py312", "tests", "backends"]
 
 # CUDA not available on free github actions and on some developers' PCs
 dev-cuda = {
@@ -79,10 +80,10 @@ tests-cuda = {
   features = ["py314", "tests", "backends", "cuda-backends"],
   solve-group = "cuda",
 }
-tests-cuda-py311.features = ["py311", "tests", "backends", "cuda-backends"]
+tests-cuda-py312.features = ["py312", "tests", "backends", "cuda-backends"]
 
 # Ungrouped environments
-tests-numpy1 = ["py311", "tests", "numpy1"]
+tests-numpy1 = ["py312", "tests", "numpy1"]
 tests-nogil = ["py314t", "nogil", "tests"]
 
 ### default feature definition ###
@@ -353,8 +354,8 @@ ipython = {
   default-environment = "dev",
 }
 
-[feature.py311.dependencies]
-python = "~=3.11.0"
+[feature.py312.dependencies]
+python = "~=3.12.0"
 
 [feature.py314.dependencies]
 python = "~=3.14.0"
@@ -365,18 +366,19 @@ python-freethreading = "~=3.14.0"
 [feature.numpy1.dependencies]
 # Oldest NumPy version supported by scikit-learn.
 # Note that this is older than what SPEC0 recommends.
-numpy = "=1.24.1"
+numpy = "=1.26.0"
+scipy = "1.16.*"  # compatible ith the pinned numpy version
 
 # Backends that can run on CPU-only hosts
 # Note: JAX and PyTorch will install CPU variants.
 [feature.backends.dependencies]
-pytorch = ">=2.12.0"
+pytorch = ">=2.12.1"
 dask-core = ">=2026.8.0"  # No distributed, tornado, etc.
 sparse = ">=0.19.2"
 mparray = ">=0.2.2"
 
 [feature.backends.target.unix.dependencies]
-jax = ">=0.10.2"  # waiting for conda-forge/jaxlib-feedstock#326
+jax = ">=0.11.2"
 
 # Backends that require a GPU host and a CUDA driver.
 [feature.cuda-backends]
@@ -388,7 +390,7 @@ cupy = ">=14.2.0"
 pytorch = ">=2.12.0"
 
 [feature.cuda-backends.target.linux.dependencies]
-jaxlib = ">=0.10.2"
+jaxlib = ">=0.11.2"
 
 [feature.nogil.dependencies]
 pytest-run-parallel = ">=0.10.0"

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name = "array-api-extra"
 version = "0.11.5.dev0"
 description = "Extra array functions built on top of the array API standard."
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.11"
+requires-python = ">=3.12"
 license = "MIT"
 license-files = ["LICENSE"]
 authors = [
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Programming Language :: Python",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ build-backend = "mesonpy"
 [tool.basedpyright]
 include = ["src", "tests"]
 exclude = ["tests/vendoring/array_api_compat"]
-pythonVersion = "3.11"
+pythonVersion = "3.12"
 pythonPlatform = "All"
 typeCheckingMode = "all"
 
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ run.source = ["array_api_extra"]
 
 [tool.mypy]
 files = ["src", "tests"]
-python_version = "3.11"
+python_version = "3.12"
 warn_unused_configs = true
 strict = true
 enable_error_code = ["ignore-without-code", "truthy-bool"]
@@ -156,9 +155,6 @@ minversion = "6.0"
 testpaths = ["tests"]
 xfail_strict = true
 
-[tool.ruff]
-target-version = "py311"
-
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 extend-select = [
   "B",  # flake8-bugbear

diff --git a/src/array_api_extra/_lazy.py b/src/array_api_extra/_lazy.py
@@ -4,19 +4,17 @@
 import math
 import typing
 from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
-from typing import Any, ParamSpec
+from typing import Any
 
 from . import _agnostic
 from ._lib import _compat, _helpers
 from ._lib._typing import Array, ArrayLike, ArrayNamespace, DType
 
-P = ParamSpec("P")
-
 __all__ = ["lazy_apply"]
 
 
 @typing.overload  # pyrefly: ignore[invalid-param-spec]
-def lazy_apply(  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+def lazy_apply[**P](  # type: ignore[valid-type]
     func: Callable[P, Array | ArrayLike],
     *args: Array | complex | None,
     shape: tuple[int | None, ...] | None = None,
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ def lazy_apply(  # type: ignore[valid-type]
 
 
 @typing.overload  # pyrefly: ignore[invalid-param-spec]
-def lazy_apply(  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+def lazy_apply[**P](  # type: ignore[valid-type]
     func: Callable[P, Sequence[Array | ArrayLike]],
     *args: Array | complex | None,
     shape: Sequence[tuple[int | None, ...]],
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ def lazy_apply(  # type: ignore[valid-type]
 ) -> tuple[Array, ...]: ...  # numpydoc ignore=GL08
 
 
-def lazy_apply(  # type: ignore[valid-type]  # pyrefly: ignore[invalid-param-spec]  # numpydoc ignore=GL07,SA04
+def lazy_apply[**P](  # type: ignore[valid-type]  # pyrefly: ignore[invalid-param-spec]  # numpydoc ignore=GL07,SA04
     func: Callable[P, Array | ArrayLike | Sequence[Array | ArrayLike]],
     *args: Array | complex | None,
     shape: tuple[int | None, ...] | Sequence[tuple[int | None, ...]] | None = None,

diff --git a/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_backends.py b/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_backends.py
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 
-__all__ = ["NUMPY_VERSION", "Backend"]
-
-NUMPY_VERSION = tuple(int(v) for v in np.__version__.split(".")[:3])
+__all__ = ["Backend"]
 
 
 class Backend(Enum):  # numpydoc ignore=PR02
@@ -63,8 +61,8 @@ def pytest_param(self) -> Any:
         if self.like(Backend.ARRAY_API_STRICT):
             marks.append(
                 pytest.mark.skipif(
-                    NUMPY_VERSION < (1, 26),
-                    reason="array_api_strict is untested on NumPy <1.26",
+                    np.lib.NumpyVersion(np.__version__) < "2.0.0",
+                    reason="array_api_strict is untested on NumPy <2.0",
                 )
             )
         if self.like(Backend.DASK, Backend.JAX):

diff --git a/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_helpers.py b/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_helpers.py
@@ -13,10 +13,8 @@
 from typing import (
     Any,
     ClassVar,
-    Generic,
     Literal,
     ParamSpec,
-    TypeAlias,
     TypeVar,
 )
 
@@ -332,10 +330,10 @@ def capabilities(xp: ArrayNamespace, x: Array | None = None) -> dict[str, int |
     type, types.BuiltinFunctionType, types.FunctionType, types.ModuleType
 ))  # fmt: skip
 
-FlattenRest: TypeAlias = tuple[object, ...]
+type FlattenRest = tuple[object, ...]
 
 
-def pickle_flatten(
+def pickle_flatten[T](
     obj: object, cls: type[T] | tuple[type[T], ...]
 ) -> tuple[list[T], FlattenRest]:
     """
@@ -480,7 +478,7 @@ def persistent_load(self, pid: Literal[0, 1]) -> object:  # numpydoc ignore=GL08
     return Unpickler(f).load()
 
 
-class _AutoJITWrapper(Generic[T]):  # numpydoc ignore=PR01
+class _AutoJITWrapper[T]:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01
     """
     Helper of :func:`jax_autojit`.
 
@@ -524,7 +522,7 @@ def _register(cls) -> None:  # numpydoc ignore=SS06
             cls._registered = True
 
 
-def jax_autojit(
+def jax_autojit[**P, T](
     func: Callable[P, T],
 ) -> Callable[P, T]:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01,SS03
     """

diff --git a/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_typing.pyi b/src/array_api_extra/_lib/_typing.pyi
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 """Static typing helpers."""
 
 from types import EllipsisType, ModuleType
-from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeAlias
+from typing import Any, Protocol, override
 
 import numpy as np
 from dask.typing import Graph, Key, SchedulerGetCallable
 from numpy.typing import ArrayLike
 
 # TODO import from typing (requires Python >=3.12 and >=3.13)
-from typing_extensions import TypeIs, override
+from typing_extensions import TypeIs
 
 # TODO: use array-api-typing once it is available
 
-ArrayNamespace: TypeAlias = ModuleType
+type ArrayNamespace = ModuleType
 
 class Array(Protocol):  # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
     # Unary operations
@@ -98,13 +98,11 @@ class DType(Protocol):  # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
 class Device(Protocol):  # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
     ...
 
-SetIndex: TypeAlias = (
+type SetIndex = (
     int | slice | EllipsisType | Array | tuple[int | slice | EllipsisType | Array, ...]
 )
-GetIndex: TypeAlias = (
-    SetIndex | tuple[int | slice | EllipsisType | Array | None, ...] | None
-)
-NumPyObject: TypeAlias = np.ndarray[Any, Any] | np.generic
+type GetIndex = SetIndex | tuple[int | slice | EllipsisType | Array | None, ...] | None
+type NumPyObject = np.ndarray[Any, Any] | np.generic
 
 __all__ = [
     "Array",

diff --git a/src/array_api_extra/testing/_testing.py b/src/array_api_extra/testing/_testing.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import warnings
 from collections.abc import Callable, Generator, Iterator, Sequence
 from types import FunctionType, ModuleType
-from typing import Any, ParamSpec, TypeVar
+from typing import Any
 
 from .._lib import _compat, _helpers
 from .._lib._typing import (
@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@
 ]
 
 
-P = ParamSpec("P")
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
 _ufuncs_tags: dict[object, dict[str, Any]] = {}
 
 
@@ -495,7 +492,7 @@ def __call__(
         return dask.get(dsk, keys, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateImportUsage]
 
 
-def _dask_wrap(
+def _dask_wrap[**P, T](
     func: Callable[P, T], n: int
 ) -> Callable[P, T]:  # numpydoc ignore=PR01,RT01
     """

diff --git a/tests/main/test_elementwise.py b/tests/main/test_elementwise.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     rad2deg,
     sinc,
 )
-from array_api_extra._lib._backends import NUMPY_VERSION, Backend
+from array_api_extra._lib._backends import Backend
 from array_api_extra._lib._compat import device as get_device
 from array_api_extra._lib._typing import Array, ArrayNamespace, Device
 from array_api_extra.testing import assert_close, assert_equal, lazy_xp_function
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def test_hypothesis(
     ):
         if (
             library.like(Backend.NUMPY)
-            and NUMPY_VERSION < (2, 0)
+            and np.lib.NumpyVersion(np.__version__) < "2.0.0"
             and dtype.type is np.float32
         ):
             pytest.xfail(reason="NumPy 1.x dtype promotion for scalars")

diff --git a/tests/main/test_helpers.py b/tests/main/test_helpers.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from collections.abc import Iterator
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import cast
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 
 from .conftest import np_compat
 
-T = TypeVar("T")
-
 # FIXME calls xp.unique_values without size
 lazy_xp_function(in1d, jax_jit=False)
 
@@ -227,7 +225,7 @@ def test_device(self, xp: ArrayNamespace, library: Backend, device: Device):
             assert actual == expect
 
 
-class Wrapper(Generic[T]):  # noqa: PLW1641
+class Wrapper[T]:  # noqa: PLW1641
     """Trivial opaque wrapper. Must be pickleable."""
 
     x: T

diff --git a/tests/main/test_searching.py b/tests/main/test_searching.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def test_nd(
             x[mask] = -np.inf
             mask = rng.random(shape) > 0.9
             x[mask] = np.inf
-        x = np.sort(x, axis=-1)  # type:ignore[assignment]
+        x = np.sort(x, axis=-1)
         x, y = np.asarray(x, dtype=np.float64), np.asarray(y, dtype=np.float64)
         xp_default_int = default_dtype(xp, kind="integral")
         if x.size == 0 and x.ndim > 0 and x.shape[-1] != 0: